Neural System Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Neural System Development - Essay Example (Gill, 2008). To understand neural development different experimental approaches are done in different model system. The distinction between inherited genetic code (genotype) and the corresponding organism (phenotype) is the cornerstone of biology. Genotype is the one that is inherited from the parents. The complete individual that is formed according to the instructions specified in the genotype is the phenotype. One of the model is the simple genetic encoding, direct genotype-phenotype mapping. Deciding on how to encode the network in the genotype that suitable for the application of the genetic operators is important to evolve neural networks. To be able for an individual at the level of the genotype assumes the form of a string of identical elements; phenotypical characteristics are coded in a uniform manner. The transformation of the genotype into the phenotypical network is called genotype-to-phenotype mapping. (Canglenosi, Nolfi, Parisi). One to one mapping has several drawbacks one of the m is scalability. The space to be searched evolutionary process increases exponentially with the size of the network (Kitano, 1990), because of the length of the genotype is proportional to the complexity of the corresponding phenotype. Another method using the genotype and the phenotype is the growing method. The genotype-to-phenotype process in nature is not only an abstract mapping of information from genotype to phenotype but it is also a process of physical growth (growth in size and in physical structure).( Canglenosi, Nolfi, Parisi). By executing the inherited growing instruction the phenotype is progressively built. Below is the illustration of the development of an evolved neural network. The upper part is the growing and branching process of the axons. The lower part of the illustration is the resulting network after removal of nonconnecting branches and the elimination of isolated neurons and groups of interconnected neurons. Source: http://www.tech.plym.ac.uk/soc/staff/angelo/papers/cangelosi-in-bentley.pdf Cellular Encodings - In natural organisms folding in of the ectodermic tissue which forms the neural crest is the beginning of the development of the nervous system. This gives rise to the mature nervous system in succession of three phases: the genesis and proliferation of different classes of neurons by cellular duplication and differentiation, the migration of neurons toward their final destination, and the growth of neuritis (axons,dendrites). Several experimental approaches in modelling neural development are increasing. The above models are study focused by the paper written by Cangolosi, Nolfi, Parisi. Above models are only some of the studies done by several researchers. Reference: Cangelosi, Nolfi, Parisi, Artificial Life Models of Neural Development http://www.tech.plym.ac.uk/soc/staff/angelo/papers/cangelosi-in-bentley.pdf Kitano H. (1990). Designing neural networks using genetic

ISO 9000 Essay Example for Free

ISO 9000 Essay According to Barnes F. and Wade J. , ISO 9000 is an appropriate guideline that can be used by management to attain a comprehensive model for quality management systems in order to operate effectively in today’s competitive market environment. Whenever an individual or an entity is considering the adoption of something original, it is always advisable to refer to useful guidelines that can aid in the initial actions to implement such new procedure. In this respect, ISO 9000, due to its vast and detailed coverage of quality processes and procedures, it can be considered as the initial step in adopting quality measures in the organization. ISO 9000 can thus be the yardstick that management could use in a number of quality aspects, such as: †¢ Documented processes to ensure quality documents in the firm. †¢ Key points are established on each procedure that demand monitoring and measurement to guarantee that quality is maintained in all stages of the process. †¢ Suppliers are selected meticulously and materials received are inspected thoroughly to make certain that adequate material quality is inputted in the manufacturing process. Determination of skills required for each job to adopt apposite training and ensure appropriate effectiveness and efficiency. †¢ During new product development, all stages are properly planned and tested to keep up a good level of product standard. To attain the ISO 9000, the organization is audited by an external certification body and through internal staff trained for this process. It thus ensures that appropriate quality systems are developed and maintained in the organization. This will help the firm to be competitive and create and sustain a good brand image.

Government Regulation of Video Game Violence is Unconstitutional and Un

â€Å"Breaking news tonight at 11, three students dead, several wounded after manic depressed teen lashes out with a handgun†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Americans serve witness in recent decades to this scary yet familiar occurrence. The cause of this familiar scene is minors suffering from social disorders and aggression. The major focus of blame is the entertainment industry including television, movies, books, and recently video games. The state of California decided to address the concern of video game violence by passing a law banning minors from purchasing games that are considered â€Å"violent†. However, the law is unconstitutional and unnecessary. The law is simple: any game that humanoid characters are maimed, killed, or tortured is considered violent. Labels that clearly state 18 must be placed on all games falling under this definition. The law requires that any individual purchasing a game in this category must provide proof of age. Additionally, retailers must obtain proof of age before selling the game or face fines. The law’s purpose is to protect minors from games that contain violence. Unfortunately, the California law ignores the Constitution. The First Amendment covers minors’ rights to obtain video games, because the games enjoy the same protections granted to other forms of protected speech. Carmen Hoyme (2004), notes in the First Amendment Law Review that since video games share properties that other protected media forms have, the same protections are extended to video games and restrictions affecting minors' access are allowable due to incitement (pp. 318-385). Holning Lau (2007), writing in the Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review, explains that minors have the right to obtain expressions protected by the First A... ...Freedom of expression and interactive media: video games and the first amendment. University of North Carolina School of Law First Amendment Law Review, 2(377), 377-402. Retrieved September 22, 2014 www.lexis.com Lau, H. (2007). Pluralism: a principle for children’s rights. Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review, 42(317), 317-372. Retrieved September 22, 2014 www.lexis.com O'Holleran, J. (2010). Student note: blood code: the history and future of video game censorship. Journal on Telecommunications & High Technology Law, 8, 571-612. Retrieved September 22, 2014 www.lexis.com Wood, R. (2009). Violent video games: more ink spilled than blood - an analysis of the 9th circuit decision in video software dealers association v. schwarzenegger. Texas Review of Entertainment and Sports Law, 10, 103-121. Retrieved September 22, 2014 www.lexis.com

Energy, Society, and Climate Change :: Preservation Wildlife Essays

Energy, Society, and Climate Change The topic of my presentation was the proposal to open the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to oil drilling. This controversial proposal has come into the forefront of U.S. energy policy in the past year with the Bush administration advocating its approval to open the previously undisturbed habitat of the Refuge to oil exploration. In my presentation, I gave a basic overview of U.S. oil usage, a brief history of drilling on the North Slope, the formation of ANWR, the potential pros and cons of drilling in the Refuge, and concluded by citing other means of oil management that would by far offset any temporary gains by ANWR drilling. I began my presentation by giving some statistics on the annual consumption rate of oil in the United States. In 2001, the United States consumed over 19 billion barrels of oil per day, which comes out to 7 billion barrels of oil annually. (http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/ipsr/t24.txt) This 7 billion barrel annual consumption rate makes up over 25% of the yearly world consumption rate of 24 billion barrels. The United States produces domestically about half of the oil it consumes, with the other half being imported, with half of the imports coming from OPEC countries. Stated simply, 25% of the oil the United States consumes annually is imported from OPEC countries, the other 25% of oil imported comes from non-OPEC countries such as Canada, with the United States using its own reserves for the remaining 50% of consumption. For an example of the cost of having such a reliance on imported oil, in midsummer 2001, with oil prices at $24 per barrel, the U.S. was spending $210 million per day on imported oil, which would add to nearly $80 billion per year if the price per barrel consistently stayed at $24. This reliance on foreign oil constitutes over 1/3 the annual U.S. trade deficit. (Energy and Society, Schobert, Pgs 505-506) Besides having relatively few oil fields compared to other nations, other problems hinder the ability of the U.S. to not rely on imported oil. The U.S. has exploited its oil reserves longer than any other nation, resulting in the cost of producing a barrel of oil in the existing U.S. reserves being more than anywhere else. This exploitation of U.S. reserves will cause domestic oil production to fall dramatically over the next decade as existing fields are exhausted and relatively few new reserves are discovered.

Porter Airlines Swot Analysis Essay

TCAA (Billy Bishop City Airport) – The location of this airport, combined with the TCAA/Porter strategic partnership offered significant advantages to Porter. Owning airport infrastructure allowed Porter to better handle operational coast and better control the customer experience. Fleet – Only using a single aircraft (Bombardier Q400 with 35%) resulted in cost savings in maintenance, training, employee pay rate and airport fees. Amenities – In flight and airport value-added services fortify Porter’s brand help attract target market. Weakness Brand Awareness in America – Porter’s international strength lies in Canadian customers flying to the U.S. It is much more costly to attract American passengers heading to Canada. Developing awareness in the U.S. could be very costly. No U.S. customs pre-clearance – passengers must pass through customs upon arrival. This can cause delays and inconvenience to customers. Opportunities Customer Loyalty – The highly flexible fare structure Porter offers to customers is very appealing to business travelers who need to travel on short notice and often rearrange their travel plans. Porter also offers the VIPorter customer reward program. Free travel is very appealing to frequent travelers. Corporate Focus – Combine with large companies whose employees travel frequently. Offer these companies a reduced price and high frequency of flights based on certain popular business routes. Threats Competition – Air Canada has sufficient market share to attempt to undercut Porter and push it out of the market by using very low prices and frequent –flyer programs much like they did against City Express in the early 1990’s. Generating Capital – Growth requires enormous capital in the Airline industry. As a private company, Porter’s financial performance is unknown. This could make it very difficult to raise capital without releasing important performance information. Air Canada Law Suit – A federal court is to rule on whether or not Jazz was pushed off of the Island Unfairly. If Jazz is permitted to return to the island they could compete directly with Porter and will likely undercut Porter as they did with City Express.

China One Child Policy Facts

China One Child Policy Facts For more than 35 years, Chinas one-child policy  limited the countrys population growth. It ended after 2015, as Chinas demographics had been skewed due to the policy. China does not have enough  young people to support the aging demographics, and due to a preference for boys, men of marrying age outnumber women. In all, there were more than 33 million men than women in China in 2016, making it difficult for men of lower socioeconomic status to marry at all. After 2024, India is expected to become the worlds most populous, when both countries populations are expected to reach about 1.4 billion. Chinas population is forecast to be stable and then decline slightly after 2030, and India will keep growing. The Background Chinas one-child rule was created in 1979 by Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping to temporarily limit communist Chinas population growth. It was in place until January 1, 2016.  When the  one-child  policy was adopted in 1979, Chinas population was about 972 million people.  China was expected to achieve  zero population growth  by 2000, but it actually achieved that seven years earlier.   Whom It Affected Chinas one-child policy most strictly applied to Han Chinese living in urban areas of the country. It did not apply to ethnic minorities throughout the country. Han Chinese represented more than 91 percent  of the Chinese population. Just over 51 percent of Chinas population lived in urban areas. In rural areas, Han Chinese families could apply to have a second child if the first child was a girl. For families who observed the  one-child  rule, there were rewards: higher wages, better schooling and employment, and preferential treatment in obtaining governmental assistance (such as health care) and loans. For families who violated the  one-child  policy, there were sanctions: fines, wage cuts, employment termination, and difficulty in obtaining governmental assistance. Families who  were permitted to have a second child usually had to wait from three to four years after the birth of the first child before conceiving their second child. The Exception to the Rule One major exception to the one-child rule  allowed two singleton children (the only offspring of their parents) to marry and have two children. Additionally, if a first child was born with birth defects or major health problems, the couple was usually permitted to have a second child. The Long-Term Fallout   In 2015 China had an estimated 150 million single-child families with an estimated two-thirds of those thought to be a direct result of the policy. Chinas sex ratio at birth is more imbalanced than the global average. There are about 113 boys born in China for every 100 girls. While some of this ratio might be biological (the global population ratio is currently about 107 boys born for every 100 girls), there is evidence of sex-selective abortion, neglect, abandonment, and even infanticide of infant females. The recent peak total fertility rate for Chinese women was in the late 1960s, when it was 5.91 in 1966 and 1967. When the one-child rule was first imposed, the total fertility rate of Chinese women was 2.91 in 1978. In 2015, the total fertility rate had dropped to 1.6 children per woman, well below the replacement value of 2.1. (Immigration accounts for the remainder of the Chinese population growth rate.)

Gaming and its benefits Essay Example

Gaming and its benefits Essay Example Gaming and its benefits Essay Gaming and its benefits Essay an international and state intelligence company, wrote an article in which she proposed that anyone over the age of 30 who spends any clip deep in some drooping couch, console in one manus, the other down the forepart of their bloomerss, conceive ofing themselves to be a battler in some make-believe metropolis, is feeble, they don’t take part in life in any meaningful way , she besides described gamers as sadsacks’ and will never acquire through an interview. ( Overington, 2010 ) This statement entirely has revealed her inability to separate between gamers and lazy people who don’t unrecorded life in a meaningful way. She is an sentiment author who speaks her head but doesn’t realize that such actions are non creditable without backed up documented beginnings. One of the well-known professional participant in a game called Leagues of Legend named Voyboy late released his life affecting a 2300 SAT mark and the completion of International Baccalaureate plan , an international high school grade. To this extent, the portion of never get through an interview or not populating life in a meaningful way would non be valid for using to this instance since Voyboy was accepted by competitory universities, but he refused in order to chase of his dream as a League of Legend professional participant. ( Voyboy ) aˆâ€ ¹The fact is that gamers are non corrupted by video games. Not all of them are unsafe like bike packs or look to be more violent than others. They play games because they are human existences with avocations like everyone else. And as worlds, they besides portion the same life experiences like many others. Bjergsen, a participant from a League of Legend professional squad called TSM shared his life narrative on Facebook which has many characteristic similar to what is go oning in our society. He grew up with a yesteryear of being bullied ; he struggled through schools and ended up dropping out. League of Legend was the safety he normally hid in when coming home and surprisingly, it was besides the way that took him out of intimidation ( Bjergsen ) . Sound familiar? With the late rubric of Superbowl title-holder, Seattle must be familiar with the name Derrick Coleman. Turning up deaf at the age of three, he must hold suffered many troubles accommodating to the schooling en vironment ( Derrick Coleman ) . Much like Bjergsen, both of them surpassed their restrictions and groomed to be celebrated names in different Fieldss of amusement. With these illustrations being shown, it has been proven that the labels originally discriminated gamers are invalid since these participants are non called jobless sadsacks’ any longer ; alternatively they are gaining an employee position with a consistency stipend for every bit long as they are populating up to the audiences’ outlook. Bet oning is like any other avocation ; it ever provides people alone ways of bettering their potencies. Admiting this stereotype is a first measure, the 2nd 1 is larning to acknowledge these benefits of gambling. League of Legend is late recognized as the most played online game in the universe ; it is difficult to conceive of that within five old ages the game has accumulated 32.5 million participants ( League of Legends ) . So what it make the game so popular? The game itself was based on squad synergism in which there are five functions in a squad ( therapist, charming harm bearer, oiler, and physical harm bearer ) ( League of Legends ) , each with their ain unique accomplishment sets, advantages and drawbacks. All purpose for one end: triumph. Because the matching system was random, participants could non ever acquire the function they were strong at, coercing them to exchange among the functions to suit the team’s demand. This alone feature non merely refreshes the game scene, pulling participants, but it besides promotes the thought of flexibleness and efficiency, learning participants the benefits of covering with defeat and anxiousness in adaptative ways, as research workers at Radboud University Nijmegen said ( Granic, Adam, Rutger ) Along with the pattern of control your anxiousness and pique, picture games can besides possess the potency of heightening players’ creativeness. At grade 7, my close friend and I started playing a game called Crossfire for five hours on the weekends, whenever we had the opportunity to travel out. Every hebdomad, we would dispute a twosome of childs from our school to play against us with the award being the merriment we all received. These small challenges shortly became an all-out, formal invitation merely, series of lucifers that involved around 16 participants per hebdomad. My friends and I were twelve old ages old back so, but we had already worked on the occupation of pull offing the tourneies, puting up the times, and be aftering out topographic points where we could run into. Together we were able to keep the tournament’s agenda of one lucifer per hebdomad and path all the mark in every lucifer to guarantee the equity that we had promised in our invitation. Compared to what an ordinary 5th-7th grader would make, was I being unproductive with my clip or anti-social as many would state? With the undeniable success of our tourney, this word could barely be used to depict any of us who had put much of our passion to this tourney. And surely, we are non blowing our clip either, as people say. In fact, our tourney was the grounds that gambling is non merely non uneconomical, it besides enhances gamers’ creativeness. I read in the intelligence a hebdomad ago that in 2008 participants of a game called Foldit helped research workers to place the crystal construction for a monkey virus related to AIDS ( Cooper 2010 ) . This job had taken research workers over 10 old ages, yet, with the originative heads used by these participants, the solutions were found three hebdomads after the launch day of the month of Foldit. In drumhead, non all picture games promote the sense of creativeness, nevertheless, the stereotype seems to generalise this fi eld, doing all games harmful to people. From this position, the claim: Gamers are blowing their life has proven to be inaccurate. Much like the competitory facet of our small tourney, League of Legend has their ain system which attracts participants to work toward better divisions ; nevertheless, the competitory ambiance of this game is more intense compared to ours, as winning here means the difference in the degree of esteem. Harmonizing to Dweck and her co-workers, people who were raised within the environment where their traits meant more than their attempt develop a belief that they are superior to others because of the features passed on by their parents. On the other manus, people sing the environment based entirely on attempt set up a impression that success is something to be worked for, non given ( Dweck ) . Believe it or non, these beliefs between both ideas can take to different results when holding to confront the same job. Give this information, League of Legend is placed in the worked-for environment. As described above, the game is set within the squad based environment in which each squad member is expected to execute good in order for everyone to acquire triumph. This can be really nerve-racking sometimes. In the practical universe, it doesn’t affair whether you are the president of the US or a drop-out high school pupil ; if you can turn out your abilities on the field, so you are better than the remainder of the battalion. However, if you can non make so consequently, so others in the squad will citizen you for the loss. The jobs are that participants can’t invariably perform good in every lucifer they participate. But, if they are exposed to the worked- for success environment, so participants are more than probably to stay unfastened to those unfavorable judgment ( Dweck ) . Unfortunately, there are non any proved dealingss between continuity in video games and real-world state of affairss ; nevertheless, the thought can trip the farther scrutiny into those ef fects that video games are conveying. As Charlie Brooker, an editor of The Sydney Morning Herald one time said: If you don’t play games, you’re non merely losing out ; you’re disregarding the most quickly germinating originative medium in history. ( Brooker ) Unlike their ascendant games like Mario and Pac Man of 10 to 20 old ages ago, modern picture games have expanded through many parts on our planet, giving participants more connexions than of all time before. Contrary to the stereotype which describes gamers as these stray animals who spend most of the clip by themselves, a batch of participants really play with their friends and household members. In games like Farmville, a Facebook game, neighbours are important to your success at the farm as they are the key of betterment. In this game that Zynga created, the object is to spread out the graduated table of your farm, from a paddle field to an animate being based farm, nevertheless, because this game is created on a societal web medium, the deve loper placed a large accent on the connexions people have. As the consequence, in order to endeavor for better points to better their farms, participants need to do the determinations to swear good neighbours, the active 1s, every bit good as reject the inactive 1s. Given these diverse societal interactions, participants are able to get and pattern these societal accomplishments in a small to no hazard involved environment, doing Farmville a campaigner for societal benefits that video games provide. Traveling off from the personal benefits that participants get from playing picture games, what can society acquire from acquiring rid of this stereotype, promoting the growing of picture games? Nowadays, about half of the US populations spend their clip playing either computing machine or picture games, or both, harmonizing to the Entertainment Software Association. In fact in the past 10 old ages, US picture games gross revenues have grown tripled to $ 7 billion ( Glazer ) . Many people think that this turning industry would non impact them at all in anyhow, nevertheless, based on the rule of economic: One person’s disbursement is another person’s income ( Krugman ) , this turning industry can interpret into many other field, turn outing people with many occupation. And as their income rises, people can hold a more flexible program for their budget which leads to an addition in consumer disbursement. These concatenation reactions can shortly hike the whole economic sy stem as more and more money is being circled about. As for our country’s benefit, we are acquiring a immense sum of revenue enhancement gross generated from this turning industry. And with this money, our authorities can hold a more flexible infinite to work with when implementing new measures or policies. A athletics is an activity in which people compete with each other while staying the regulations. Football requires the corporation between work forces in a squad. Similarly, League of Legend or DotA ask for a squad of five people in order to win a conflict. All squad has their obscure heroes, the 1 who guide them to triumph, a manager. And the most of import thing, both Fieldss are soaked with the tear of triumph along with letdown of the lickings. With all these shared characters and the mentioned advantages, can someday video games be recognized as a athletics if played professionally? In decision, clip is so really cherished as many people know, nevertheless, we can non ignore that the fact that clip spent by gamer is besides valuable. For those who aim for cultural benefits, finally, with all these presented benefits to the participants, we might acknowledge video games as a athletics, merely as we one time did with cheat. On the other manus, those who would wish to look more into the single benefits, picture games have proven their potencies to develop participants head, fiting them with a sharper reaction and better creativeness.

Fraternity Violence in Higher Education

Fraternity Violence in Higher Education Fraternity-Related Violence and Deaths Statistics of deaths in U.S. school campuses suggest that there are more than 60 fraternity-related deaths since 2005. The common causes of deaths are fraternity hazing and pledge-related activities, clashes between fraternities, and gang rape. Moreover, these deadly fraternal activities occurred in fraternity houses on college campuses around the world. In Istanbul for instance, members of rival fraternity brutally stabbed a student of Ege University who later died in the hospital. Neophytes of school fraternity have to undergo physically demanding rites and rituals to become a full member of the group. However, some initiation rites are so violent and deadly such as the hazing incident that killed Michael Davis, a junior journalism student at Missouri State University in 1994. VIOLENCE AGAINST FEMALE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS The hallmark of all hazing deaths according to one study is the failure of fraternity members to recognize the severity of hazing situation while the common cause of student death is severe injuries from brutal beatings. Other fraternity-related injuries and deaths include clashes between rival fraternities, fires in fraternity houses, and binge drinking. Fraternity violence is a campus safety issue and poses ethical problems which violate  rules and honor codes. Why fraternities still exist? Fraternity and Academic Institutions’ Civil and Criminal Liability In defense of fraternities, fraternity leaders argue that they are student organization symbolizing the principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity in school. Moreover, although they did cause some serious problems in the past, they did a number of good things like charity and community service. In other words, the â€Å"good outweighs the harms†. Under the law, schools have duties of care to keep students safe and therefore legally liable for injuries and deaths caused by fraternity violence. For instance, in Furek v. The university of Delaware, the trial court awarded Jeffrey Furek damages for fraternity hazing injuries. The University provided 93% of this damage award while the remaining 7% came from Joseph Donchez, the fraternity member directly responsible for the injuries. The national fraternity, on the other hand, was free of any liability. The court announced that the duty of reasonable care was breached when the university, despite its knowledge of ongoing hazing activities inside the campus, failed to protect Furek from harm. VIOLENT VIDEO GAMES AND SCHOOL VIOLENCE There is clearly a good reason why some universities banned and refused to recognize any fraternity. In 1983 for instance, Princeton University, after banning three fraternities for over a century, announced that it would continue to deny fraternities and sororities of school’s recognition. Similarly, responding to fraternity violence and incident of gang rape on campus, the University of Pennsylvania successfully disbanded a fraternity through a court order. In reality, fraternities can have unrecognized chapters in any school thus colleges and universities must be ready to defend themselves against potential liability associated with a duty of care. Since liability is highly dependent on school officials’ reaction to knowledge of hazing activities and performance of their duty to care, the best defense probably is to create and enforced an anti-hazing policy. The reason is the fact that school officials primarily need to convince the court that they are against hazing. Second, the court cannot use the reaction to knowledge of hazing as infringement, as hazing activities outside school premises is difficult to detect and clearly outside an officials’ assumed duty of care.

Three Reasons Companies Move Jobs Either to or from the USA Assignment

Three Reasons Companies Move Jobs Either to or from the USA - Assignment Example The USA, being the world’s biggest economy, does not operate in isolation and effectively companies have moved jobs out and into the country. Conversely, there are different reasons for companies to move jobs out and into the country. While the key reasons for companies moving jobs out of the USA range from labor arbitrage and avoidance bureaucratic regulations, companies moving jobs into the country cite high inflation on wages as the main reason of moving their plants and operations back to the country. This expose therefore elucidates three reasons companies move jobs either from or to the USA. One of the reasons that companies move their jobs overseas, especially the manufacturing processes, is to take advantage of lower wages abroad especially in poor countries. Labor arbitrage is the process of taking advantage of lower wages in any type of business operation (â€Å"Moving back to America†). China is one of the countries that offer cheap labor and essentially companies from the USA move their manufacturing plants to the country in order to lower the cost of production and improve their profit margins. A study conducted in 2002 to determine the manufacturing industry’s compensation of workers in China, showed that factories in China labor compensated their employees 64 cents an hour. In comparison, the same study found out that a similar compensation in the USA job market stood at $21.11. In this case, companies with manufacturing plants in the USA would want to take advantage of the low labor wages in China and in other countries offering cheap labor. It is crucial to note that companies expect to have a high return on investment (ROI). In effect, one way to ensure that they achieved this objective is through a reduction in the cost of operation. Therefore, cheap labor ensured that the cost of operation remained low and therefore companies achieved the objective of having a high return on investment. However, the USA job market does not offer cheap labor, as most companies would like. While the study only covered the hourly-wages only, a further study with scanty data available in China indicated that this figure of 64 cents rose to $1.06 when considering other benefits and insurance (â€Å"Just How Cheap is Chinese Labor?†). This figure is still relatively low in comparison to the USA labor and explained company’s preference for the Chinese labor marke t. Labor arbitrage might be the main reason that American based companies cut their workforce in the country in order to expand abroad in the 2000s. In this regard, the Chinese job market witnessed 260% additional jobs by America based companies that translated into 943,900 jobs since 1999 to 2009 (Wessel). In this case, it is imperative to point out that cheap labor might be the key reason that attracted these multinationals to the Chinese job market. To prove this point, these US based multinationals decreased their job levels in Germany by 2% while jobs in the UK and France labor markets increased by 8% and 2% respectively (Wessel). It is crucial to note that, the same study that showed the average labor wages for china as $1.03 showed that he same wages paid to a factory worker in these three countries averaged $14.22 (â€Å"Just How Cheap Is Chinese Labor Market?†). The availability of cheap labor is not the only reason that makes USA based

Managerial Applications of Technology (Virtual Workforce) 2 Assignment

Managerial Applications of Technology (Virtual Workforce) 2 - Assignment Example Technology is also the backbone of virtual working because it provides applications and appliances that enable such endeavors. Using remote workers can bring flexibility to a business organization as it will not have to depend on the state of their premises or the accessibility of their premises. Virtual employees do not need any physical office, making the financially advantageous to an organization. Due to fact that virtual employees have no geographical restriction on where they are supposed to work they sometime have higher productivity as compared to the physically available ones (Marquez, 2008). For example, virtual workers do not have to spend time travelling to the offices. The disadvantages of using virtual include the fact that monitoring them is usually a hard task. It is also hard in bringing them to be part of collective efforts by the other members of the workforce. Good strategies can help an organization in minimizing the disadvantages and maximizing the advantages of using virtual workforce. In hiring virtual workers a company should make sure that they hire self-motivated and self-disciplined individuals (Gillis, 2003). There should also be frequent and meaningful communication between an organization and their virtual employees. This will be important in monitoring their progress. Giving virtual employee targets to meet after a given duration will help in making sure that they are able to maximize their contribution to the organization. Hill, E. J., Ferris, M., & MÃ ¤rtinson, V. (2003). Does it matter where you work? A comparison of how three work venues (traditional office, virtual office, and home office) influence aspects of work and personal/family life. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63(2),

Pursue MS in Computational Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pursue MS in Computational Finance - Essay Example However the biggest revelation that I experienced was when I came across the concepts of finance, economics and banking during my under graduation. I began to realize the true importance of numbers. That was when I began comprehending the magnitude of services that mathematics could provide. I immediately realized that a domain that blends mathematics and finance was my future. Even before I completed my Class X, I had achieved a high level of proficiency in various nuances of mathematics, much advanced than required by convention. I spent vast amounts of time identifying the roles that mathematics plays in everyday life. Of the various applications with their pith as numbers, I was most fascinated by Finance and its related domains. Consequently, I took up Finance as my major subject for my under-graduation at Georgia State University. The subjects that I learnt during my undergraduate course have taught me the art of formal and logical thinking. My passion for finance only escalated from day one of my under-graduation. Some of my favorite subjects were Mathematics, Finance, Economics and Risk Management. I took several interesting courses in finance and completed all the required credits successfully.

High Employee Turnover Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

High Employee Turnover - Essay Example These expenses are especially felt for lower paying jobs which turn out to be jobs that have a high employee turnover. Some of the expenses involved include advertising for the past, payments being done to the leaving employee, interviews for candidates and subsequent training. This is, in addition to, lose of productivity during that period the employee leaves and replacement with another employee. This paper explores employee retention as a measure of decreasing high turnover by focusing on the methods of assessment and selection, individual and organizational learning, and organizational transformation to find a resolution to the crisis. Methods of assessment and selection According to Carsen (2005, 2) employee retention starts with the application process which precedes recruitment. The applicants start by looking at the agency, and this is followed closely by the initial impressions of the employee during the orientation process, in addition to the subsequent assignments, the em ployee is given, performance ratings, any awards or promotions and off course the overall working conditions. All the above play a role in determining whether an employee decides to leave or stay during that short period. Therefore, the pre-employment assessment forms part of the solution to this trouble of high employee turnover as well as improving employee performance. It is essential that the employer objectively defines and quantifies the behavioral DNA that compels success on the job. This is to mean that the employer has to match the candidates who come for interview against a traditional performance profile for each of the positions that are to be filled in the company. This can be done by correlating the behavioral DNA of the present employees in a company against their performance data to determine the performance profile of the individual. This profile, thus, captures the behavioral and cognitive attributes that are unique to a certain position, and, thus, used to separat e the productivity leaders who will be capable of transcending the other employees. Subjective competencies are deemed an unsuccessful way of coming up with required traits of a particular position, therefore, a flawed way of filing vacant positions in any organization. This is because of absence of tangible correlation between the subjective competencies and the actual success of persons in that position (Carsen, 2005, 33). It is, thus, important that employers use objective competencies to measure the actual behavioral and cognitive traits required for the success of a certain individual in the given position. This means this benchmark of success should be leveraged so that it forms the objective model for the employer in evaluating candidates for specific positions. Therefore, it is important that the assessment strategies be developed having in mind the clear understanding of the knowledge, skills, abilities and characteristics that have to be measured for qualification to a par ticular position (Ongori, 2007, 50). The managers should also ensure that the method of evaluation being used in the process can be connective to, and effectively appraise the requirement being assessed. After a careful assessment of the applicants, hiring should be done on recommendation basis, which falls into four categories. These are recommended which is taken as the strongest match as compared to the others which are 'recommended

Implement concepts from Piagets theory of cognitive development when Essay

Implement concepts from Piagets theory of cognitive development when teaching second or third graders the skill of regrouping when solving subtraction problems - Essay Example For example, if the task at hand is to teach the children to subtract eight from 21, the instructor should group ten of the blocks together, perhaps in a tower formation, and then grouping the additional 11 blocks together in a group that is laying flat on the desk or working surface. At this stage, if the child fully understands how to count far beyond ten, they will recognize and be able to express that the tower consists of ten different blocks. The instructor would then praise this accomplishment to reinforce motivation and cooperation and then ask the child to express the amount of blocks laying on the surface. They should correctly identify that there are eleven blocks by counting them out loud one by one. At this point, the instructor reinforces that the task is to subtract eight of these blocks from the different formations and then regroup the blocks into a different series. The instructor might remove only two blocks from the tower and then six more from those on the table to provide example. The child will recognize that the tower now contains only eight blocks and should be able to regroup the surface blocks to account for the additional six blocks needed to complete the equation of 21 – 8 = 13. When the child is given free rein to perform another subtraction task through regrouping, they should accurately recognize, as part of mastery of pre-operational and concrete operational understanding, how to regroup the different blocks to achieve a positive math outcome. The teacher, for students in this phase, will not be dealing with egocentric behaviors marked by those found in children who are in the pre-operational stage and should expect full cooperation to the regrouping tasks. By allowing the children to choose their own ordered sets of blocks, based on the specific math task, they will begin to develop the ability to perform these calculations in their

High Employee Turnover Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

High Employee Turnover - Essay Example These expenses are especially felt for lower paying jobs which turn out to be jobs that have a high employee turnover. Some of the expenses involved include advertising for the past, payments being done to the leaving employee, interviews for candidates and subsequent training. This is, in addition to, lose of productivity during that period the employee leaves and replacement with another employee. This paper explores employee retention as a measure of decreasing high turnover by focusing on the methods of assessment and selection, individual and organizational learning, and organizational transformation to find a resolution to the crisis. Methods of assessment and selection According to Carsen (2005, 2) employee retention starts with the application process which precedes recruitment. The applicants start by looking at the agency, and this is followed closely by the initial impressions of the employee during the orientation process, in addition to the subsequent assignments, the em ployee is given, performance ratings, any awards or promotions and off course the overall working conditions. All the above play a role in determining whether an employee decides to leave or stay during that short period. Therefore, the pre-employment assessment forms part of the solution to this trouble of high employee turnover as well as improving employee performance. It is essential that the employer objectively defines and quantifies the behavioral DNA that compels success on the job. This is to mean that the employer has to match the candidates who come for interview against a traditional performance profile for each of the positions that are to be filled in the company. This can be done by correlating the behavioral DNA of the present employees in a company against their performance data to determine the performance profile of the individual. This profile, thus, captures the behavioral and cognitive attributes that are unique to a certain position, and, thus, used to separat e the productivity leaders who will be capable of transcending the other employees. Subjective competencies are deemed an unsuccessful way of coming up with required traits of a particular position, therefore, a flawed way of filing vacant positions in any organization. This is because of absence of tangible correlation between the subjective competencies and the actual success of persons in that position (Carsen, 2005, 33). It is, thus, important that employers use objective competencies to measure the actual behavioral and cognitive traits required for the success of a certain individual in the given position. This means this benchmark of success should be leveraged so that it forms the objective model for the employer in evaluating candidates for specific positions. Therefore, it is important that the assessment strategies be developed having in mind the clear understanding of the knowledge, skills, abilities and characteristics that have to be measured for qualification to a par ticular position (Ongori, 2007, 50). The managers should also ensure that the method of evaluation being used in the process can be connective to, and effectively appraise the requirement being assessed. After a careful assessment of the applicants, hiring should be done on recommendation basis, which falls into four categories. These are recommended which is taken as the strongest match as compared to the others which are 'recommended

Multicultural Education Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Multicultural Education - Article Example Students from different cultures are still new to the issue of ethnicity and racism and hence are the best people to be provided with multicultural education for the future of the nation. These students who are from various communities should be imparted with important knowledge such as of eliminating stereotypes and any behavior that is prejudicial. They can also be taught to embrace positive self-image of themselves and that of other as well. With the students being made to think about freedom and justice at all times, they are bound to have increased cultural awareness as well as intercultural awareness. This will mean that they will aim at creation of a safe and free environment for people to learn and reflect positively about the multiple histories of different cultures. This will eventually lead to creation of a society and nation that is together and strengthened as one despite their differences in cultures. Challenges are bound to arise during teaching due to socialization patterns but determination and curiosity of the students can be counted upon to counter the

After the murder of Duncan Nothing goes Right for Macbeth and his Wife Essay Example for Free

After the murder of Duncan Nothing goes Right for Macbeth and his Wife Essay Shakespeare first showed Macbeth in the court of a newly crowned King James the First. Some people would argue that in places this was written as a piece of flattery for James the first. James was meant to be a descendant of Banquos and therefore Shakespeare shows Banquo to be a valiant and heroic character throughout the play. However, Shakespeare had to be careful what he said in the play, as he didnt want to upset the King. This play could be written as a piece of propaganda or a warning to anybody who went against the King. The play supports the Stuarts doctrine of the Divine Right of kings. This states that kings are appointed by God and therefore going against them is as sinful as going against God himself, the greatest punishment should be put against anybody who does so. This is shown all the way through the play up until the death of Macbeth himself. Macbeth starts the play as a great hero and is well respected by his fellow lords and friends. He has shown himself to be a great warrior and is referred to by some as Bellonas Bridegroom who helped to save Scotland from invasion by the King of Norway and an attack by MacDonald. Macbeth is highly regarded by the King, who calls Macbeth a valiant cousin, worthy gentleman. Macbeth is rewarded, by the King, the role of Thane of Cawdor after the previous Thane proved to be a traitor and tyrant. However, by the end of the play Macbeth is hated by all and is considered to be a traitor and tyrant. I believe that had Macbeth not have murdered Duncan, he would have carried on his good name and maybe gained the role of King without having to do anything to gain it. We can see that Macbeth starts to suffer from the murder almost directly after when he says that he thinks he hears a voice: Methought I hear a voice cry Sleep no more! Macbeth does murder sleep, This could be seen as the first part of Macbeths punishment for murdering the king. He has been cursed so that he can no longer sleep because he has murdered the king whilst he sleeps. We can see that this is true because throughout the rest of the play Macbeth does not sleep well again. Macbeth knows now that he will never be forgiven for what he has done and almost immediately regrets his actions and wishes that he could undo it. Macbeth panics after he does the deed and he murders Duncans guards before anyone goes into the room. He thinks that this will be seen as an act of courage and loyalty to the King but doesnt realise that instead he is getting rid the only other people that could have been blamed for the murder and taken the suspicion away from himself and lady Macbeth. In doing this Macbeth draws suspicion to himself straight away from Macduff who says, Wherefore did you so?. This is the first time we see Macduffs suspicions and they carry on to the very end of the play at which time he goes on to kill Macbeth himself. Macbeth realises Macduff and does not feel safe. Macduff shows the extent of his view of the murder of Duncan by not attending the coronation of Macbeth. Macbeth notices this and his fear grows. After becoming King, Macbeth realises that it does bring him nothing more. He becomes more and more suspicious of Banquo, who is beginning to query Macbeth over the murder of Duncan. Macbeth realises how big of a threat Banquo could be to him and says: To be thus is nothing, But to be safely thus: our fears in Banquo Stick deep. Macbeth is constantly tortured by the witches prophecy of the desendants of Banquo becoming King. If it were true then Macbeth would never built a true dynasty. Macbeth hates this thought and we see it plague him all trough the play. We then see Macbeths change. He orders Banquo and Fleance to be murdered. Yet, unlike the first, his wife is not involved and he hires criminals to do it for him instead of doing the deed himself. This, in my opinion, is the first time we see Macbeth going it alone and leaving lady Macbeth out of his plans. Macbeth believes that by killing Banquo and his son he will be preventing the second prophesy from coming true and put his mind at rest. However, the plan is not completely successful and Fleance escapes. Macbeths reacts to this by saying: Then comes my fit again:I had else been perfect Macbeth is saying that if that had not have gone wrong then it would have been perfect but now it has brought back his unsettlement because if Fleance still lives that means that the prophecy may still come true. His feeling of never having any satisfaction of king returns to him. Macbeth then has a banquet with all his lords and ladies and he gives the game away. He sees the ghost of Banquo sitting in a seat and in his shock and panic he begins to shout out in madness excuses for what he has done. Lady Macbeth tries to cover up for him but Macbeth carries on. The lords become ever more suspicious as begin to understand what Macbeth has done. After the lords have gone Macbeth tells his wife what he done to Banqou and I think this is when Lady Macbeth realises what her husband has turned into and what Kingship has brought him and her. After the feast the lords begin to feel that Macbeth is not a worthy king, referring to the feast as the tyrants feast. Lennox refers to the situation as: our suffering country Under a hand accursd This means that Scotland is under the rule of a hand (Macbeth) which is unworthy or bad. This tells us that Macbeth is growing more and more unpopular within the lords and he has now lost all of the respect and good name that they once gave him. Macbeth begins to fall ever more into despair and goes to see the witches for some more advice. They tell him that he is safe and gives a feeling of security. Macbeth now feels better but the witches then rob him of any happiness by reconfirming Banquos descendants becoming king by showing him an image of kings to come who all look like Banquo. Macbeth is now unhappier than ever and we can see the full extent of which being king has brought absolutely no satisfaction whatsoever. Macbeth, in his despair, says: I am in blood Steppd in so far that should I wade no more, Returning were as tedious as goer. This shows us a gory view of him wading through all of the blood of his victims and to turn back and try and do right would be as hard or tedious as it would be to finish off what he has started and to carry on with the murders. Macbeth has by now lost all of his kindness and any compassion that he once had. His lords are slowly deserting him and his wife and him are further apart than ever. From the beginning of the play Macduff has suspected Macbeth of the murder of Duncan and he now has proof enough to flee to England and join Malcolm. Macbeth has now turned bitter and twisted and vows that he will now do whatever he thinks without thinking about the consequences: From this moment The very firstlings of my heart shall be The firstlings of my hand. Macbeth then decides to do his worse deed yet, he orders the murder of Macduffs wife and child. This shows Macbeths lords openly that he is a true tyrant and nothing but a bloody killer. He now loses even more support when Ross leaves him. Not only does he lose support but he also gives Macduff even more reason for revenge and makes Macduff even more eager to overthrow him. Macbeth now realises that he has lost all his support and that he is hated over all the land and is close to despair. By now Macbeth has lost all human feelings that he once had and even when he learns of his wifes death he simply shrugs it off saying, she would have died hereafter. All feelings of love or hatred or guilty have now been wiped from him and he is now a bitter and lifeless person. He begins to believe that life has no meaning. When Macbeth learns of Macduffs oncoming he is not afraid and says, I will not yield lay on Macduff, he is saying that he will not retreat but instead will wait for Macduff and take him on. Macbeth is not afraid anymore and now just waits for his fate. Macbeth fights to his death and ends up being killed by Macduff in the final confrontation. We can see Lady Macbeths slow spiral of despair throughout the play to the point of suicide. She started off as an ambitious woman who was in love and who wants nothing but the best for husband. She assists in the murder and tries her hardest to make her husband gain Kingship. At the beginning she was in complete control of her husband and the marriage yet by the end she loses all of this and Macbeth pays no attention whatsoever to her. Being queen gives her absolutely no satisfaction and realises that all of the plans were nothing more than a complete waste of time. I believe that after the murder of Duncan nothing goes right for Macbeth and his wife. It eventually pushes Lady Macbeth to suicide and causes the murder of Macbeth himself. I believe that if they had not carried out the murder then Macbeth would have kept his good name and maybe the witches prophesies would have come true without any encouragement. Macbeth had everything and should have been grateful for it. Lady Macbeth became greedy and should have let her husband do what he wanted to instead of pushing him into the initial murder.

Effect of Diet on Colorectal Cancer

Effect of Diet on Colorectal Cancer CHAPTER 1 1.1 Introduction Colorectal cancer is considered to be a major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality. It accounts for over 9% of all cancer incidences; this makes it the third most common cancer cause with nearly 1.4 million new cases diagnosed in a year (WCRF, 2012) and the fourth most common cause of death (WHO, 2002). Both men and women are affected almost equally for colorectal cancer; 9.4% in men and 10.1% in women from all incident of cancer. However, it has a clear geographical variation which is not uniformly distributed throughout the world. It has been estimated that, the developed countries with a western culture accounts for over 63% of all colorectal cancer cases (Fatima AH, 2009). Though data available to show the clear situation in developing countries, growing evidences show that the problem would be also a concern for the low and middle income countries. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) was estimate that in 2008 colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 5th most common c ancer in SSA (Ferlay J, 2010 and Alice G et.al, 2012) Several risk factors can be linked with the incidence of colorectal cancer. Age and hereditary factors are the most important factors on which an individual’s cannot able to manage. The probability of being affected by colorectal cancer is increases after the age of 40. More than 90% of colorectal cancer cases reported among people in the age greater than 50 and older (Fairley TL , 2006). In addition, a large number of environmental and behavioral risk factors can also contribute for the development of colorectal cancer; among these dietary factors are the major one (Fatima AH, 2009). With the help of different dietary assessment methods such as food recalls and food record, wide range of epidemiological studies revealed that diet can strongly influences the risk of colorectal cancer, and changes in food habits might reduce up to 70% of this cancer burden. Diets with high in fat and calories, especially animal fat, protein rich, low level of calcium and vitamin D. are some of the nutrients which can be a risk factor for colorectal cancer. High meat consumption, mainly red meat and processed meat, is mainly associated with the development of colorectal cancer (Fatima AH and Robin P, 2009; Sandhu MS et.al, 2001; Norat T et.al, 2002; Larsson SC, 2006, Raphaà «lle L, 2008). On the other hand, those people who eat diets low in fruits and vegetables may have also a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer (Paul T et.al, 2001). For free living person, accurate estimation of routine dietary intake is very challenging in the study of diet and disease relationships (Jackson et. al, 2011). Moreover, there is no single method of assessment which is valid and optimal under all conditions to assess individual’s habitual dietary intake, but because of its ability to rank subjects according to their intake and also it is relatively inexpensive, food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) are often used in most epidemiological studies to assess usual dietary intake and disease development. In addition, Food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) have been used to assess long-term dietary intakes and an important exposure factor for the disease conditions (Sofi F et.al, 2008, and Streppel M, et. al, 2013). Therefore, the use of food frequency questionnaires has advantage over the other methods such as 24-hour recalls and food records since these methods do not reflect past diet intake or usual intake and they are also expens ive (Jackson et. al, 2011). Even though the Food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) is a more practical tool for assessing individual diets in large cohorts, it has also more associated with measurement errors than 24-hour recalls and dietary record assessment methods. In consequence, this can bias the relative risk estimates of diet and disease risk (Lin L et.al, 2013). One approach to improve effect estimates is through validation studies, in which individual diets by questionnaire is compared with a more precise and accurate method such as weighted dietary records (Jaceldo-Siegl et. al, 2009). The influence of dietary habit is central for the development of colorectal cancer but little is known about validity of dietary exposure assessment tools. The purpose of the study is, therefore, to evaluate the validity of the FFQ that will be used in assessing the relationship between dietary intake andcolorectal cancer. 1.2 Objective of the study To evaluate the food frequency questionnaires used to assessing the risks of dietary intake (at food group and nutrient level) for colorectal cancer with the three days weighted diet record method CHAPTER 2 2.1 Literature Reviews 2.1.1 The need of validation studies for food frequency questionnaires The role of dietary factors in the etiology of several cancers has been extensively investigated over the last few years including on colorectal cancer (Bazensky I, Shoobridge-Moran C, Yoder LH, 2007). However, accurate estimates of habitual dietary intake remain a challenge in the study of diet-disease relationships (Jackson et. Al, 2011). This is because dietary assessments could be affected by a number of factors such as motivation to complete assessments and reporting bias related with unstructured eating patterns(Livingstone MB et. al, 2009). Besides these, design of the study, outcomes of interest, and resources availability need to be considered when selecting an appropriate dietary assessment tool for a particular study(Jyh Eiin Wong et. al, 2012). In epidemiological studies, Food-Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) is often chosen assessment method for estimating dietary intake and can provide valid and reliable estimates of usual dietary intake in a variety of populations (Navarro A, et. al,2001) where as the other possible and precise methods such as food records and 24-hour recalls do not reflect past diet or usual intake and are generally expensive (Jackson et. al, 2011, Lin L et.al, 2013). The FFQ is easy to administer, has relatively low cost, and provides a rapid estimate of usual food intake. Due to having this advantages it is more practical and frequently used dietary assessment tool for assessing individual diets in large cohorts. However, compared to other dietary assessment methods it has more associated with measurement errors that usually overestimate relative risks in studies of diet and disease risk (Jaceldo-Siegl et. al, 2009; Zulkifli SN, 1992; Fraser GE, 2003; Lin L et. al, 2013; Streppel M et. al, 2013). Therefore, nutritional values reported from FFQ data are subjected to both systematic and random errors that can significantly affect the design, analysis, and interpretation of nutritional epidemiologic studies (Carroll RJ, et. al, 1997). In addition, due to possible differences in design characteristics of the FFQ, e.g. the number of food items included, mode of administration, and also the need of cognitive process for portion size estimation, it’s validity can be affected (Jyh Eiin Wong et. al, 2012). Furthermore, the validity of the same FFQ may vary from one population to the other (Streppel M. al et, 2013). The above rationale can lead to the agreement that evaluation and validating of a FFQ is important in studying diet disease associations. Thus validation studies need to be performed to evaluate the level to which the FFQ agrees with the subjects’ true dietary intake (Cade JE et. al, 2004). Moreover, validation studies can be also carried out to assess the level of measurement error associated with the FFQ (Streppel M et al, 2013 and Cade JE et. al, 2004). Providing the fact that there is no single method which is completely free from possible biases in dietary assessment, one approach to validate the estimates of effects through the help FFQ is by comparing with a more precise method (reference method), such as weighted food record, multiple dietary recalls and use of biomarkers (Jaceldo-Siegl et. al, 2009 and Lin L et.al, 2013). However, memory (recalls) and nutrient data are still influence estimates from the reference method (Jackson et. al, 2011, and Daures JP et. al, 2000 ). Generally, due to differences in food supply and dietary habits, there is no universally accepted FFQ that can be used for all populations in all situations. Elucidation of diet–disease relationships requires dietary assessment methods which can sufficiently describe and quantify intakes, minimize errors and provide precise estimates of variability between individuals or groups(Kaaks R et. al, 1997; Carroll RJ e t.al 1997 and Lin L et.al, 2013). Therefore, it is vital to make sure that any FFQ must be reliable and valid to be used in the population of interest, need to be designed to meet the aims of study populations and has contain an up-to-date list of foods(Jyh Eiin Wong,et. al, 2012). 2.1.2 Incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer Colorectal cancer is one of the major cause of morbidity and mortality. Globally it accounts for over 9% of all cancer incidences; the third most common cancer and the fourth most common cause of death. Men and women are almost equally affected by colorectal cancer; it represents 9.4% in men and 10.1% in women (Jodi D Stoocky, et al, 1996). However, is not uniformly distributed throughout the world; it has a clear geographical variation. Mainly, colorectal cancer is a disease of developed countries with a western culture. It is estimated this region accounts for over 63% of all cases. Worldwide mortality attributable to colorectal cancer is approximately half that of the incidence. In 2008, over 1.2 million new cases and 608,700 deaths estimated to have occurred (Fatima AH, 2009 and Dagfinn A, 2011). The WHO report in 2012 also showed that, in 2008 among the deaths of an estimated 7.6 million people of all cancer cases colorectal cancer (CRC) accounted for over 600 000 of those deaths, with 70% occurring in low– and middle–income countries (WHO, 2012 and Meetoo D, 2008). This indicates that though the number of cases of CRC in SSA is thought to be very low in comparison to those diagnosed in the Western world, it constitutes a significant proportion of the cancers in this region (Alice G et.al, 2012). 2.1.3 Risk factors for colorectal cancer Colorectal cancer is widely considered to be an environmental disease; include a wide range of cultural, social, and lifestyle factors which are associated with the incidence of colorectal cancer. Age and hereditary factors are those that an individual cannot control and other modifiable environmental and lifestyle risk factors are also plays an important role in the development of colorectal cancer (Fatima A. Haggar, Robin P. Boushey 2009). Among the modifiable risk factors, diet habit is a major one and strongly influences the risk of colorectal cancer, and changes in dietary habits might also decrease up to 70 percent of this cancer burden. Diets with high fat content, especially animal fat, considered to be a major risk factor to cause colorectal cancer. However results of meta analysis supports the hypothesis that only intakes of red and processed meat are convincing dietary risk factors for colorectal cancer (Dagfinn Aune, 2011). In addition, different studies also revealed that the association of CRC risk with processed red meat may be stronger than that of fresh red meat (Sandhu MS et.al, 2001; Norat T et.al, 2002; Larsson SC, 2006 and Raphaà «lle L, 2008). The effect of fat consumption as possible etiologic factor for colon cancer is linked to favoring the development of a bacterial flora which capable of degrading bile salts to potentially carcinogenic compounds. The presence of heme iron in red meat believed to be the main mechanisms for the positive association in the development of colorectal cancer. In addition, exposing it to high temperatures could resulting the production of compounds such as heterocyclic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Fatima A. Haggar, Robin P. Boushey 2009 and Genkinger JM, Koushik A, 2007). MS Sandhu et al in 2001 found that red and processed meat could contribute for colorectal cancer; a daily increase of 100 g of red meat and 25g of processed meat was associated with a 14% (OR;1.14, 95% CI:1.04 to 1.25) and 49% (OR; 1.49, 95% CI: 1.22 to 1.81) increased risk of colorectal cancer respectively (Sandhu MS et.al, 2001). On the other more recent follow up study by Cross, A.J et.al, the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) comparing the fifth to the first quintile for both red (HR; 1.24; 95% CI, 1.09-1.42; P Norat, T in 2001 also tried to conduct meta-analysis of articles published during 1973-99 in order to look the risk of consumption of red and processed meat for colorectal cancer. High intake of red and processed meat was associated with significantly increase risk of colorectal cancer. Average Relative Risk and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the highest quantile of consumption was 1.35 (CI: 1.21-1.51) for red meat and 1.31 (CI: 1.13-1.51) for processed meat (Norat, T., et.al, 2002). A similar effect of red and processed meat also found in other meta-analysis of prospective studies published through March 2006 by Larsson SC and Wolk A in 2006. This meta-analysis of prospective studies support the hypothesis that high consumption of red meat and of processed meat is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (Larsson, S.C. and Wolk, A., 2006). In addition, some studies suggest that people who eat a diet low in fruits and vegetables may have a higher risk of colorectal cancer. Differences in dietary fiber intake might have been also responsible for the observed geographic differences in the incidence rate of colorectal cancer (Janout V, and Kolla ´rova ´ H. 2001 and Fatima AH, 2009). Age is an important non modifiable factors in the development of colorectal cancer. As the increases the likelihood of colorectal cancer diagnosis increases as well. Mostly its diagnosis is common after the age of 40, then rising sharply after age 50. More than 90% of colorectal cancer cases occur in people aged 50 or older. The incidence rate is more than 50 times higher in persons aged 60 to 79 years than in those younger than 40 years. However, colorectal cancer appears to be increasing among younger persons (Ries LAG, et al.. 2008, and Fatima AH, 2009). 2.1.4 Dietary protective factors for colorectal cancer; Vegetables, Dietary fiber, whole grains Given the roles of the colon and rectum as conduits for ingested food and the many potentially anti carcinogenic substances contained in fruit(8),vegetables(8),and cereals(9),these food groups are among the most widely studied in relation to colorectal cancer risk (Steinmetz KA, Potter JD. 1991, and Slavin JL, Martini MC et.al, 1999). Although the majority of studies have shown an inverse association between fruit and vegetable consumption and colorectal cancer risk, some prospective cohort studieshave also obtained inconsistent results; no association between fruit and vegetable consumption and the risk of having or developing a colorectal neoplasm (Paul T et.al, 2001). Results from a meta-analysis of 13 case–control studieshave suggested that increased dietary fiber intake is associated with decreased risk of colorectal cancer, although some other prospective cohort studies do not supporting such an association (Steinmetz KA et.al, 1994). Nonetheless, evidence from animal studies and few clinical trials continues to suggest that cerealsespecially wheat bran, contain substances, such as fiber, phytic acid, various phenolic compounds, lignins, and flavonoids, that might lower the risk for colorectal cancers.Cereal fiber might also bind carcinogens and modify glycemic index(Slavin JL , 1999, and Paul T et.al, 2001) In a Paul T et.al study in 2001, they were tried to associate the role of fruit and vegetable consumption and colorectal cancer. In this study 61, 463 women were followed for an average of 9.6 years and 460 incident cases of colorectal cancer were observed (291, 159 and 10 cases of colon, rectal and both sites respectively). In the entire population of this study, total fruit and vegetable consumption was inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk. The association was also showed that there is a dose–response effect; more evident among individuals who consumed the lowest amounts of fruit and vegetables was observed. In particularly, those individuals who consumed less than 1.5 servings of fruit and vegetables per day had a 1.65 relative risk (95% CI = 1.23 to 2.20;P = .001) for developing colorectal cancer compared with individuals who consumed more than 2.5 servings. However, no association between colorectal cancer risk and consumption of cereal fiber was observed in t his study. In conclusion this particular study revealed that individuals who consume very low amounts of fruit and vegetables have the greatest risk of colorectal cancer (Paul T et.al, 2001)

Devastated Asia - Tsunami Attack :: essays research papers

(Based on the December 26th attack) What Are Tsunamis, and What Causes Them? Tsunamis are ocean waves produced by earthquakes or underwater landslides. The word is Japanese and means "harbor wave," because of the devastating effects these waves have had on low-lying Japanese coastal communities. A tsunami is a series of waves that can travel at speeds averaging 450 (and up to 600) miles per hour in the open ocean. As the waves approach the coast, their speed decreases and their amplitude increases. Tsunamis are most often generated by earthquake-induced movement of the ocean floor. Landslides, volcanic eruptions, and even meteorites can also generate a tsunami. Areas at greatest risk are less than 25 feet above sea level and within one mile of the shoreline. From an initial tsunami generating source area, waves travel outward in all directions much like the ripples caused by throwing a rock into a pond. As these waves approach coastal areas, the time between successive wave crests varies from 5 to 90 minutes. Their Effect†¦ †¦on lives Most deaths caused by a tsunami are because of drowning. Associated risks include flooding, contamination of drinking water, fires from ruptured tanks or gas lines, and the loss of vital community infrastructure. †¦on hygiene Contrary to popular belief that rapid burial is essential to prevent outbreaks of disease, post-disaster, a report by the Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO) says: â€Å" dead bodies pose a negligible risk †. †¦on the infrastructure With most people focusing their attention on the losses suffered by the fishing community, in the aftermath of the tsunami, Tamil Nadu’s (deprived of aid) coastal farmers have to come to terms with destroyed crops, damaged soil and devastated livelihoods. Scores of farmers in Tamil Nadu face an uncertain future as the water that engulfed their fields, washing away crops, has left the soil saline and uncultivable. Although the extent of the damage is yet to be fully assessed, officials say that a substantial proportion of cultivable land has been contaminated by salt water. †¦on tourism Tourism constitutes a major sector of the Indian economy and it will be correct to say that it has been affected due to the tsunami tragedy. Tourists who were planning to go to the south – eastern coastal regions have cancelled their bookings at the last few minutes. Travel agents have had to deal with these last-minutes cancellations and there will be an immediate impact on the travel industry for India.

Primo Levis Survival in Auschwitz Essay -- Primo Levi Survival Auschw

Primo Levi's Survival in Auschwitz Reading the novel Survival in Auschwitz by author Primo Levi leads one to wonder whether his survival is attributed to his indefinite will to survive or a very subservient streak of luck. Throughout the novel, he is time and again spared from the fate that supposedly lies ahead of all inhabitants of the death camp at Auschwitz. Whether it was falling ill at the most convenient times or coming in contact with prisoners who had a compassionate, albeit uncommon, disposition, it would seem as though the Gods were always smiling upon him. Although throughout the novel primo is characterized as a very willing and competent individual, one can not say that his personality or his training as a chemist were the sole factors of his survival. For the purposes of this essay, it is necessary to further address the possibility that maybe Primo Levi was just a lucky guy. The very first lines of the novel support without a doubt the fact that even Levi (Hà ¤ftlinge # 174517) himself is aware of the capacity that luck plays in his life. He begins the novel with the phrase â€Å"It was my good fortune to be deported to Auschwitz only in 1944, that is, after the German government had decided, owing to the growing scarcity of labour, to lengthen the average lifespan of the prisoners destined for elimi- nation† (Levi 9). So, had he been captured prior to 1944, his story might not have been told. Seeing as life in Monowitz (aka Buna or the Là ¤ger) was particularly brutal upon his arrival, one can only imagine the conditions that existed before the Nazi war machine experienced its labor shortage. When compelled to consider the conditions in which Levi was forced to live, it is clear to see that the will to survive must be complemented by another factor, as this will alone is not at all strong enough to sustain life. Not only are the authority figures brutish and sadistic, but the code among the prisoners themselves is even more cutthroat. In addition, the â€Å"cuisine† is terrible and is summed up in the following passage: â€Å"...every two or three hours we have to get up to discharge ourselves of the great dose of water which during the day we are forced to absorb in the form of soup in order to satisfy our hunger†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Levi 61). Furthermore, the camp is arranged in a hierarchical system with each group of prisoners having corresponding... ...urvivors, how fortunate was he to be among them! Primo Levi’s voice in this novel is so emotionless, that one is forced to jettison all biases regarding the Holocaust until completion of the novel. He does not concern himself with how the reader will look at his role in the story he tells; it is his story, thus the reader need only read and formulate their own conclusions. Because his is the story that so many will never get the chance to tell. He comes off as the quiet submissive type, yet underneath this faà §ade is a very perceptive and clever human being. In fact, the saying â€Å"still waters run deep† just about sums up Levi’s personality. Recalling what was just written of Levi’s personality, it was premature to say that pure luck was the only guiding force in Levi’s survival; some credit must be given to the individual also. So it is of utmost importance to mention that his determination to survive and to provide an accurate, albeit, de tailed account of what he had endured was also a major factor in Primo Levi’s Survival in Auschwitz. Works Cited Levi, Primo. Survival in Auschwitz: The Nazi Assault onHumanity. Trans. Stuart Woolf. New York: Collier-Macmillan, 1987.

Meaning of life essay Essay

?â€Å"You will never be happy if you continue to search for what happiness consists of. You will never live if you are looking for the meaning of life† (Camus). If you spend your whole life searching for one thing you will waste your life and it will only take a few moments for time to pass you by. The meaning of life is nonexistent and imponderable. ?â€Å"The meaning of life is contained in every single expression of life. It is present in the infinity of forms and phenomena that exist in all of creation† (Jackson). The meaning of life is simply the way you view it. Like religion everyone has different philosophies and opinions and only those who give life a meaning have the true understanding of the meaning of life. My Opinion on the Meaning of Life I believe the meaning of life is to give life a meaning, because there truly is no meaning otherwise. I believe everyone adds their own meaning to life. The meaning of life is never universal, never complex. I believe the meaning of life should be simple and potentially whatever we want it to be. I do what I do because I want to. It’s that simple for me; I do it because it means something to me. â€Å"Life is a great big canvas, and you should throw all the paint on it you can† (Kaye). I believe this quote is saying that you should give life your all and do whatever it takes to make your life the way you want it. This is saying someone should do what you believe the philosophy of your life is. Many people go about their lives searching for the meaning of life and how it applies to them but in reality they will waste their lives away looking for something that does not exist. â€Å"There is not one big cosmic meaning for all; there is only the meaning we each give to our life, an individual meaning, an individual plot, like an individual novel, a book for each person† (Nin). â€Å" Life has no meaning. Each of us has meaning and we bring it to life. It is a waste to be asking the question when you are the answer† (Campbell). This is saying how we bring the meaning to life and our thoughts and ideas on what we believe life is and should be. I do not believe in the idea of there being one specific meaning but millions for each and every soul around the earth. Various populations will all agree to disagree about their views but in retrospect you realize that everyone is right. Everyone gives their own meaning to the idea. Purposes and meanings will change, but the overall meaning to life, that there is no true meaning, will always stay the same. I believe the meaning of life is to give life a meaning. Works Cited ? â€Å"Albert Camus Quote. † BrainyQuote. Xplore. Web. 23 Mar. 2015. . ?†Anais Nin Quote. † BrainyQuote. Xplore. Web. 23 Mar. 2015. ? â€Å"Danny Kaye Quote. † BrainyQuote. Xplore. Web. 23 Mar. 2015. . ?†Michael Jackson Quote. † BrainyQuote. Xplore. Web. 23 Mar. 2015. .

Avi’s Crispin: The Cross of Lead Essay

The story basically takes place in the era of the fourteenth century wherein half the world has prudently changed it such delight as movements have started to unfold the belligerent realm of the country. â€Å"Crispin is somebody who thinks of himself as nothing, and in the course of the book, comes to think of himself as something. † This is what Avi says of his latest fictional hero, Crispin, a 13-year-old in 14th-century England who’s running for his life. Here’s a quick glimpse at this exciting adventure story. Once master and apprentice arrive in Great Wexly for the Midsummer’s Day festivities and some seditious intrigue on Bear’s part, Avi slows down and offers both the reader and Crispin a chance to look around, but things speed up again with the reappearance of the steward and pursuit through the streets of the medieval city. The story commences with a funeral, that of a community recluse whose precedent is wearing a veil in vagueness and whose minor lad is recognized merely as â€Å"Asta’s son. † Stuck in sorrow for his protector, the boy discovers his moniker, Crispin, commencing from the rural community cleric, even though his apparently dead father’s personality and identification for that matter remains unclear. The words imprinted on his mother’s precious ‘lead cross’ may endow with some sign, but the priest is murdered before he can enlighten him with the illiterate lead. Worse, Crispin is alleged over the murder by the manor warden, hence naming him as a â€Å"wolf’s head† (wanted dead or alive), but then again, it is subliminally preferably dead. Crispin leaves the twon who hated him for no valid reason, and became a traveling performer. The cause for the steward’s enmity is finally revealed–Crispin is the illegitimate son of the local lord, who recently died without an heir–but the expected ending gets a surprise twist when Crispin trades this birthright for Bear’s safety. From Crispin’s initial religious dependence and inability to meet others’ eyes to his eventual choice of his own path and freedom, the theme of self-determination is carried lightly, giving this quick, easily digested thriller just the right amount of heft. Indeed, it offers a whole new dimension of prose in the modern day readers. Reference: Avi. (2004). Crispin: The Cross of Lead. New York: Hyperion.

Develop a consumer behaviour report to be submitted to the M.D of a Essay

Develop a consumer behaviour report to be submitted to the M.D of a fashion clothing brand of your choice to outline the key issues facing the company in terms - Essay Example The Armani brand has a diverse appeal because it has line catering for special groups. Some of these consumers include the mature classy kind, young trendy consumers, children, wealthy and middle income consumers. The fashion industry is a competitive industry. There are a number of industries that could be viewed as Armani’s competitors. Some of these include; Christian Dior who has received acclamation for depth in his designs, Yves Saint Laurent has received acclamation for modernity in their designs, in 2006 they incorporated Asian themes in their clothing lines. Gucci received an award for being the highest selling brand from Italy in the year 2006. Gucci has acquired a reputation in the music industry by securing a market there. Gucci also made smoking tuxedos last fall. The clothing line is located all over the world. This implies that there is a wide client base for the company. Economies in those countries are improving and the need for clothes has increased. This means that the market is quite receptive at this moment. It is highly valued in Hollywood and fashion generally. It earns three billion euros to prove this point. It has a number of challenges that include: overstretching the line by venturing into too many products, having a strong personality behind the line- he may pass away and leave the brand hanging; it also has too many lines that may appear as if they are offering the same products. Armani Collezioni: this is the second most expensive clothing line in the Armani brand. This product focuses on the more mature consumer who is not looking for ‘hip’ clothes but prefers classy ones. The line is sold in various high profile department stores like David Jones and Harvey Nichols. Emporio Armani: this clothing line focuses on younger consumers. It offers a variety of trendy wear like jeans and t-shirts. It is an intermediate line that is not too expensive or too available either. It is found in boutiques and departmental

Flexography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Flexography - Essay Example The reason behind the wide acceptance and adoption of this technology is that it caters to a massive market of printing packaging materials. Conventional form of printing could not suffice for such tasks effectively since the packaging materials are made in different types and sizes. The level of precision, quality and pace that can be achieved with the flexography technology cannot be matched with the old methods of printing and other competitive technologies in the modern markets. 2. Overview of Flexography Flexography is defined as a type of ‘rotary web letterpress’ that amalgamates the aspects of letterpress and rotogravure printing (â€Å"Print Process Descriptions: Printing Industry Overview: Flexography†). The material that is used for printing tends to dry faster as it is consists of a low viscosity solvent. There are three types of inks that are used in this form of printing; solvent-based, water-based and ultraviolet-cured. Each one of these inks is drie d off in different ways (â€Å"Overview of Flexographic Printing†). The inks are very thin that makes this form of printing even preferable for four color printing jobs (CMYK). Ink possesses much relevance in any printing process. Since flexography printing produces fine finish printing, the ink has several characteristics; The ink should be able to create a visual effect or color. The ink must be compatible with the material on which it is being printed. Production packaging tends to suffer different environmental conditions due to its frequent displacement, therefore the printing needs to survive the presence of chemicals, scratching and fluctuation of temperature in the surroundings. 3. Applications of Flexography Flexography is considered to be the simplest and cheapest mode of printing packaging materials. There are several applications of flexography; some of them are mentioned below (â€Å"Printers - Flexographic Printing†): Ridged containers Folding cartons Mul tiwall sacks Paper sacks and plastic bags Milk and beverage cartons Disposable cups and containers Labels Wrappers of food items The quality of the printing is commendable and irrespective of the irregular or complex shape of the object. Another form of flexography printing exists that is designed to be used for publications, for example newspapers, comics, booklets, promotional catalogues etc. Food and candy wrappers are usually required to be printed with bright colors; flexography achieves this with factor with ease. Organizations tend to prefer this technology due to the lowering of the cost of the packaging which is coupled with competitive results. 4. Relevance of Flexography in the Graphic Information Technology Industry Flexography technology has improved to a great extent over the years due to which it has brought about greater level of precision, efficiency and quality in the graphic information technology industry (Polischuk). The improvement of this technology from satis factory image definition and effective management of shorter runs of printing to excellent finish over massive printing activities has given the consumer an appealing alternate in the printing industry. The monopoly of the competitor technologies (like gravure and offset technologies) has been broken by the improvement of flexography (Polischuk). The designs that were traditionally considered to be impossible without the usage of gravure and offset technologies, have been proven to be achieved by flexography printing. Flexography is able to cater to the innovative design features of the modern age, as well as the contemporary one with details and precision. The processes and quality of flexography printing is able to meet the rapidly changing requirements of the modern markets since there is increasing demand of better quality and endeavors to

Total Rewards Programs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Total Rewards Programs - Research Paper Example According to the paper in spite of the age old concept, worth noting is that total rewards is especially relevant in the present-day work environment, whereby globalization has made it possible for employees to work in diverse environments. The following total rewards system proposal seeks to focus on the latest available information with regard to creating, organizing as well as effectively managing a total rewards program. The program is targeted for the ABC Company, a service-based organization that employs more than 20,000 located in 17 different countries. There are also over 2,000 management level employees who speak in diverse languages. In consideration of the multiple regulatory environments, a total rewards systems is proposed. Firstly, a brief overview of the company requirements for a total rewards system is provided. A total rewards strategy has then been formulated and the various advantages of the proposed strategy explained. Further, the key communication components o f the system are established. Lastly, but certainly not least, a strategy has been examined for devising a competitive pay structure. The total reward program is holistic and does not rely on one or two reward systems operating in isolation. Further, there is good account of every manner in which people can obtain satisfaction and are rewarded through their work. The objective of total rewards is to maximize the combined impact of a wide range of reward initiatives on motivation, organizational commitment and job engagement. This concept aims to blend the financial as well as non-financial reward elements into a cohesive whole. As put by O’Neal   Ã¢â‚¬Å"total reward embraces everything that employees value in the employment relationship.† WorldatWork also offer an equally wide definition of total reward, stating that â€Å"all of employer’s available tools that may be used to attract, retain, motivate and satisfy employees.† Overview of company requireme nts for a total rewards system From this paper it is clear that there is an increasing need for corporations to come up with reward systems that motivate employees to work harder and more effectively. These systems usually teach associates the importance of being productive and efficient, as well as their inherent value in companies. However, considering the pressures associated with incentives or performance, or even ineffective implementation procedures, in some situations, these systems can encourage unethical or even unwanted behaviors . Therefore, to attract and retain the best workers, corporations need to have an appropriate rewards system that will always reward and encourage workers to always remain focused on producing the best quality services in an efficient manner, thereby meeting the needs of customers. This corporation needs a reward system that will be linked with goal-setting, competency measures and employee development. A reward system will help the corporation in moving toward a better alignment between company strategies and values and performance management. This will help in decentralizing the decision-making down company hierarchy to help in empowering every manager located in different parts of the world.  

Labour Laws Application Practice and Implementation Coursework

Labour Laws Application Practice and Implementation - Coursework Example In order to understand an employee’s right to imply law and regulation, to place an appeal against unfair dismissal, a case will be studied thoroughly. Lastly, the paper aims to study the maternity rights which are granted to the employees and how they accommodate in the present society. Background to the Context: Employment law has been considered as an integral area of law which has received imperative attention from international law as well. As evident from the provisions associated with the Employment Act, there are many guidelines, obligations, rights, and criteria for different cases and their consequences on both for the employee and the employer. Since there is an increased number of obligations, it has become a complexity for both the parties to implement relevant provisions in their respective cases. It should be noted that employment law is being practiced in almost every country of the world with their alliance to international labor law (Barnard, 2006). Part 1 (a ) Rights of Employees under Section 1- Employment Particulars During the period of employment, the employee and the employer both should be aware of their rights and authorities. i. Sub- Section 3 and 4: Where on one hand, it is important for the employer to have complete information and trust of the employee; ii. CONT: it is also very significant for the employee to know what his rights are and to know what he can claim in the case of a conflict with his employer. Employment Rights Act of 1996 clearly defines these situations for both of them. The section 1 of the law deals with the employment particulars and the employment statement. This section of the law is a kind of guideline for the employee to know what his rights are during employment and at the time of termination fair or unfair so they get to know what sort of word and conditions to expect from the tribunal in case of any breach from the employer(Barnard, 2006) Subsection 1 of Section1 states: Where an employee begins emp loyment with an employer, the employer shall give to the employee a written statement of particulars of employment† (Gavin Mansfield, 2011, p. 581) Under the statement of particulars of the section 1 subsection 1 of the Employment Rights Act of 1996, any employee is provided with a statement of particulars when he starts any job (Section 1, sub section1). 1 The subsection 2 of section 1 further explains the subsection 1 stating that: The statement may (subject to section 2(4)) be given in installments and shall be given not later than two months after the beginning of the employment (Gavin Mansfield, 2011, p. 581)† The statement of particulars must be given to the employee within eight weeks of the start of his employment (Section 1, Subsection2). Subsection 3 & 4: i. The section 1 of the law basically deals with this statement of particulars, the details and the terms and guidelines for the deal between the employer and the employee. ii. The statement has a list of thin gs entitled, from the name of the employee and the job description to the salary wages and its payment schedule (Section 1, Subsection3 & 4). As stated in the clauses of the Subsection 3 & 4: 3- â€Å"The statement shall contain particulars of: (a) the names of the employer and employee, (b) the date when the employment began† 4- â€Å".

Role Of Values Based Education In the Global Society..Possible title Essay

Role Of Values Based Education In the Global Society..Possible title - Essay Example Certainly, enabling one to make a living by one’s knowledge and skills is an important aspect of education; yet, education is something more than that (Stafford, 2003). Definitively, building of character stands to be and should be the top priority of any academic institution. Grand Canyon University is just the kind of institution that not only stimulates its students to develop a rock solid character, but, rather approaches the task of character building in a much holistic way, touching varied facets of human personality. Truly speaking, the four pillars of Grand Canyon University stand to constitute the most fool proof and sufficient program for developing a character and personality that is just the right mix of ethics and pragmatism. The first pillar committed to academic advancement not merely implores the students to gain knowledge, but rather nudges them to evaluate the imbibed knowledge in the laboratory of critical thinking and analytical evaluation. Mere knowledge makes a well informed person, but, approaching knowledge with a critical bent of mind makes a creative and original personality. At Grand Canyon University, the learning styles resorted to are such that they push a student to extend one’s intellect and ingenuity to its limits, thereby shattering all preconceived notions and challenging the inherent biases, prejudices and myths. The outcome of such an approach appears in the form of students who possess an open and inquisitive attitude towards life, resting securely on dependable and time tested spiritual and moral foundations. Grand Canyon University encourages its students to develop a personality that is just the right blend of grass root practicality and an essentially Christian vision. The second pillar that is Christian camaraderie not only intends to facilitate an interactive and friendly mindset towards